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أنواع المقامات ومدارجها
This web site lists the Maqamat and their Scales
according to four arbitrary groups:
1-
Maqamat that are common to western music and that can be
played with western instruments.
2-
Maqamat that have small sound divisions (quarter tones)
which can not be played with conventional western instruments (except none
fretted and string instruments).
3-
Maqamat with an African character, mainly the Pentatonic
Scale.
4-
Maqamat that combine the pentatonic Scale with small sound
divisions (quarter tones). We find these Maqamat in the music of Andalus
preserved in Arab North Africa, and sounds of the Arabian Peninsula and
the Persian Gulf.
NOTE: To see the graphic representation of each
Maqam, hear the scale and listen to a sample of music composed in that
Maqam, please click the name of the Maqam.
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1- Maqamat that
are common to western music and that can be played with western
instruments.
This group of Maqamat is composed of; Major Scale
compatible Maqamat such as:
Mahoor,
Jhar-kah and
Ajam. Minor Scales compatible
Maqamat such as:
Nahawand,
Busaliek (Ushshaq), Muheiar Sikah,
Farah Faza and
Sultan Yakah. Western Instruments and
Diatonic Scale Compatible Maqamat such as:
Kurdi, Sagah, the
Iraqi Maqam, Hijaz Kar Kurdi,
Athar Kurdi, Saba
Kurdi, Nawathir,
Nakreez,
Hijaz Kar,
Shadd Arban.
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2-
Maqamat that contain small steps (3/4 steps) in their scales
This group of Maqamat is composed of:
Maqam Rast and its Varieties such as:
Suznak, Saz Kar,
Neirooz, Turkish Rahawi,
Dernisheen, Muheiar
Iraq, Rast El-Theel and
Al-Mayah.
Maqam Bayati and its Varieties such as: Turkish Ushshaq,
Al-Huseini, Muheiar,
Bayati Chury
and Saba.
In North Africa, the equivalent of Bayati is
Al-Husein and its
varieties such as:
Al-Husein Niriz, Al-Husein Asl, Al-Husein Usheiran,
Alhusein Saba and Al-Husein Ajam.
Maqam Hijaz and two varieties; Al-Hamayoon and
Shahnaz
Maqam
Zangulah
Andalusian heritage Maqamat such as:
Raml-Al-Mayah and
Al-Raml.
Maqam Al-Sikah and related Maqamat such as:
Huzam,
Iraq
and Al-Bustanikar
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3- Maqamat that are compatible with
the Pentatonic Scale
This group is of
an African origin and has five notes in its scales. Of it, are two
Maqamat: Rast Ubeidi and Rast Kinawi. |
4- Maqamat that combine the Pentatonic Scale and the
Eastern Maqamat
This kind of Maqamat is used in
Morocco, the Arabian Peninsula, Yemen and the Gulf States. Principal
among them is Maqam El-Theel, where the third and seventh notes are
lowered by 20%. Of its varieties is
Mujannab El-Theel, where
the the third note is completely flat. This maqam is similar to
Suznak. Other Maqamat in this group is what is known in Tunis and
Libya by Iraq, and in Morocco it's known by
Isphahaan.
Al-Nawa , Raml El-Theel,
Al-Mazmoom and Moroccan Ushshaq
are also part of this group of Maqamat.
NOTE:
Comparative Arabic Music
set of Audio Disks contain a very detailed description of all of these Maqamat,
with an extensive set of musical examples to illustrate them.
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